Release Date: December 22, 2025
Expiration Date: December 22, 2026
Activity Overview
The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is now recognized to involve a progression of disease that advances through distinct stages prior to the onset of symptoms. With therapy now available to delay the onset of symptomatic T1D—and give the patient more time to prepare for managing the disease and potentially preserving a pool of residual β cells—primary care clinicians and endocrinologists must know how to identify at-risk patients and explain their treatment options. In this program, a panel of T1D experts explains how to efficiently screen patients and educate them on T1D-delaying therapy.
Target Audience
This educational initiative is directed toward endocrinologists, primary care providers, infusion nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and other health care professionals involved in the care of patients with T1D.
Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this activity, you should be better prepared to:
- Summarize the differences in presentation and progression of onset of T1D in adults and children
- Identify relevant biomarkers used to assess risk of developing T1D or experiencing progressive disease
- Incorporate appropriate autoantibody testing to identify patients at risk of developing clinical T1D
- Evaluate clinical trial data for novel disease-modifying therapy for early-stage T1D

Jennifer D. Goldman, PharmD, RPh, CDCES, BC-ADM, FCCP
Professor of
Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
Boston, MA
Clinical Pharmacist
Director of Cardiometabolic Services
Well Life Medical
Peabody, MA
Disclosures: Advisor, Consultant,
Speaker, Honoraria Recipient: Abbott Diabetes, Amgen, CeQur, Lilly, Novo
Nordisk, Xeris

Robert Busch, MD
Department
of Medicine
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Metabolic Disorders
St Peter's Hospital, Cancer Care Center
Albany, NY
Disclosures: Grant/Research Funding: Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Lilly, Mbx Pharma, Novo

Conan Tu, MD, MBA, DACD, BC-ADM
Regional Chief of Adult Primary Care
Primary Care
Eastern Long Island–Optum
Bethpage, NY
Disclosures: Advisor, Consultant, Speaker, Honoraria Recipient: Abbott, AstraZeneca, lnsulet, lntuity Medical, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi; Grant/Research Funding: Bayer, TRANSFORM (subinvestigator); Executive Role: American College of Diabetology (board director), Soo-DAWI (board director)

Natalie Bellini, DNP, FNP-BC, BC-ADM, CDCES
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University
Program Director
Diabetes Technology
Cleveland Medical Center
Cleveland, OH
Disclosures: Advisor, Consultant, Speaker, Honoraria Recipient: Abbott, Dexcom, MannKind, Medtronic, Sanofi
Faculty, Staff, and Planners’ Disclosures
The staff of Physicians’ Education Resource®, LLC have no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.
PER® mitigated all conflicts of interest for faculty, staff, and planners prior to the start of this activity by using a multistep process.
Off-Label Disclosure and Disclaimer
This activity may or may not discuss investigational, unapproved, or off-label use of drugs. Learners are advised to consult prescribing information for any products discussed. The information provided in this accredited activity is for continuing education purposes only and is not meant to substitute for the independent clinical judgment of a health care professional relative to diagnostic, treatment, or management options for a specific patient’s medical condition. The opinions expressed in the content are solely those of the individual faculty members and do not reflect those of PER® or any company that provided commercial support for this activity.

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